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B) A tragedy brought about by modern technology.
C) A tragedy caused by the new media technology.
D) A tragedy that became the focus of .attention for days and even weeks on end.
60. What can we learn from the media coverage Of Diana's death?
A) It helps us understand the events as they unfold.
B) It helps the Police in the investigation of the accident.
C) It confused the audience rather than inform them.
D) It Often leads to mere tragedies.
6l. According to the author, what does technortragedies do to journalism?
A) They enrich journalism B) They strengthens journalism.
C) They destroy journalism D) They pollute journalism.
62. What is the writer's advice to us concerning the media
A) Wait ti1l it gives e truthful account of the events. '.
B) Take it with a grain of salt.
C) Turn a deaf ear to it.
D) Grasp the underlying issues of our time.
Passage 4
As the Tailhook sexual-assault scandal drown into early retirement fm the Navy, Admiral Frank Keels last week sought to overhaul his image. The Navy's top officer claimed that during his nearly four year at the helm, he had helped rid the service of its tolerance for abusive attitudes toward women. If anyone treats women as did the demean, groping aviators at the Tailhook convention 2 1/2 years ago, Kelso blustered at a press conference, "they' re not going to be in this man's Navy. "
In fact, his legacy is a Navy still straining to accommodate woman , homosexuals and members of racial minorities. At the same time, the Navy's reputation has been batted by the investigations into Tailhook and cheating by midshipmen at the Naval Accessory in Annapolis. Some naval officers and military expert note that the navy's recent problems have com under a series of chiefs--from James Watkins in 1982 to Carliaie Trost in 1986 to Kelso arose from the aloof and secretive submarine fleet. submarine commanders usually are trained as engineers and are not renowned for their people skills. Presiding over crews of 155 or fewer highly screened men hasn't t prepared the Navy's recent leaders to grapple with modern personnel problem. Kelso and other submarine "didn't have the leadership challenges that surface-warfare officers had," agrees Senator John Marian of Arizona, a retired Navy pilot.
The Navy hasn't by run by a purebred surface-ship captain--whose the make up the
bulk of its force----since Elmo Zurnwalt left the job a generation ago. 'When you go a long Period of time without having a surface-fleet CNO, then it becomes a very serious morale problem for that vast Segment of the Navy," Zumwalt says.
Early speculation was 1hat President Clinton would name Admiral Jeremy ('Mike") Boorda, a surface-warfare officer, as CNO. Unlike all 24 CNOs who came before, Boorda, a high school dropout, never attended the Naval Academy. As the Navy personnel chief from l988 to 1991, he drafted a plan that allowed the Navy, Unlike other services, to shrink dramatically without firing personnel. But an Administration official said Saturday that Clinton wit Prefer to keep border in his sensitive Naples post, where he has been planning the Possible NATO bombing campaign against the Serbs. If so, the next CNO is likely to be Admiral Chares for, the pentagon's Pacific commander--a Naval academy graduate who would be the fourth Submariner in a row to run
the Navy.
63. Admiral Frank Kelso had to retire earlier from the navy because --.
A) a Sexual-assault scandal was revealed in his navy
B) he was involved in a sexual-assault scandal
C) he held an abusive attitude toward women at the Tailhook convention
D) he allowed homosexuals in his navy
64. How did Kelso to this ear1y retirement?
A) He accepted the Punishment willingly.
B) He apologized for his incompetence.
C) He tried to remedy his reputation.
D) He held a farewell press conference.
65. According to some experts the navy's recent problem are mainly due to --.
A) too many Unqualified chiefs from submariners
B) 1ack of strict discipline in the Navy
C) lack of highly educated chiefs
D) too many women and members of racia1 minorities in the N8vy
66. Which Of the following statement is true according to the passage?
A) Kelso has been the Navy chief for bot two and half years.
B) The Navy's reputation began to decline after Kelso became its commander.
C) Surface-warfare Officers make better Navy leaders'
D) Submarine officers are good at solving Peed problems.
Passage 5
Is America's mortgage market rigged against blacks? Yes, say many researchers and lobbyists. Blacks are rejected for home loans far more often than whites; and despite four years of tough enforcement of anti-discrimination laws, they are likelier to be turned down than when Bill Clinton took office. No, retort mortgage lenders. Relative rejection rates reflect not race, but such things as credit and debt histories. And anyway, black home-ownership and lending to black borrowers have both increased sharpie in the past few years. Both sides agree that good candidates, of whatever colour, will get mortgages, whereas bad ones will not, and that explicit, Jbo-CrOw-sty1e racism is gone. They disagree about the treatment of applicants whose economic histories are flawed but not hope1ess. Among this group, according to a paper by economists at the Boston Federal Reserve, published last year and much discussed since, whites do get a better deal' The authors estimated the effect of 38 variables, such as income and location of property, on the chances of getting a loan. Had blacks been treated in the same way as whites, they concluded, 2l % would have been rejected; in fact, 28% were.
Follow-up work by researchers at the Chicago Fed found that the loan officers in the Aston study--almost all of them white treated Objective information. differently according to the race of the applicant. In particular, bad edit histories and indebtedness cut blacks' chances Of approval far more than those of whites. However, this research has corn under attack. Suppose, say its critics, that blacks were being widely discriminated against. Then blacks who succeed in getting mortgages Should be less likely to default than whites. But a study by four economists at the Federal Reserve found that black default rates are higher. Mom, black-OWned banks tend to have even higher rejection rates, suggesting factors other than race are at work'
The Clinton administration has no joined the search war, but it clearly smells racism in the lending process. And rather than pursue individual instances of discrimination, it is bong lenders toward the use of technocratic tools that are colour-blind but unforgiving to Americans with low incomes. Ironically, these even fairer tools may help to exposing why all racial categories, and especially blacks, are suffering hetaera denial rates.
Increasingly, lenders gather information about applicants over the Phone, by post or via a computer, rather than faces-o-face. Remote assessment is much favored by mortgage brokers, who accounted for 56% of the boloan market. Because it is easier to bundle together loans with few quarks, they favour hassle-free applicator. And because they like to deal with large amounts of money, many prefer not to bother with low-value mortgages. The rise Of these lenders has made it more likely that poorer Americans. black or white, will be left out.
another tool, credit scores, measure the risk of delinquency and default. scores are calculated by compiling information on applicants' credit histories. those with less than a given score are turned down. Sinner Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, another government-backed provider of secondary mortgages, last year asked lenders to provide credit scores, their use has soared.
The virtue of remote mtassessment and credit bong is that it is impossible to be racist when the applicant is invisible. But the irony is that became blacks are on average poorer than most Americans, they are more likely to be economically insecure and to have dodgier credit histories. Thus these colour-blind devise will nOt increase black's access to montage finance may do the reverse. Mr. Clinton will probably blame the computer.
67. According to the passage, which Of the following statements is true
A) It is very difficult to enforce anti-discrimination laws.
B) The mortgage market is to blacks.
C) Lendings to blacks have risen sharply in the past few years.
D) Racism is still strong in the mortgage market.
68 According to a rescarch at the Boston Federal Reserve, blacks
A) are more likely to get a loan than whites in similar circumstances
B) are more 1ikely to be rejected for a bon than whites in similar circumstances
C) are less likely to default on lans than whites in similar circumstances
D) are treated on an equal footing as whites in similar circumstances
69. According to the passage, if remote assessment and credit scoring are adopted, --.
A) blacks' access to home loans will increase
B) blacks' aces to home loans may well decrease
C) the problem of racial discrimination will be solved
D) default on loans will be lowered
70. The author of this passage is Of the Opinion that --.
A) America's mortgage market is set against blacks'
B) blacks are turned down for mortgages because of racial discrimination
C) economic reasons account for the rejection of blacks for mortgages
D) the government must take action to give blacks access to mortgages
Part IV English-Chinese Translation
71)The amazing success of man as a species is the result of the evolutionary development of his brain which has led, among other things ,to tool-using ,tool-making the ability to solve problems by logical reasoning ,thoughtful cooperation, and language(((. One of most striking ways in which the chimpanzee biologically resembles man lies in the structure of his brain. The chimpanzee, with his capacity for primitive reasoning, exhibits a type of intelligence more like that of man than does any other mammal living today.
72) The brain of the modern chimpanzee is probably not too dissimilar to the brain that so many millions of years ago directed the behavior of the first ape man.(((
For a long time, the fact that prehistoric man made tools was considered to be one of the major criteria distinguishing him from other creatures. As I pointed out earlier, I have watched chimpanzees modify grass terms in order to use them to probe for termites.
73) It is true that the chimpanzee does not fashion hi tools to "a regular and set pattern" - but then, prehistoric man, before hi development of tone tools, undoubtedly poked around with sticks and straws, at which stage it seems unlikely that he made tools to a set pattern, either.)))
74) It is because of the close association in mot people's minds of tools with man that special attention ha always been focused upon any animal able to use an object as a tool, but it I important to realize that this ability, on it own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerned.))) The fact that the Galapagos woodpecker finch uses a cactus spine or twig to probe insects from crevices in the bark is indeed a fascinating phenomenon, but it does not make the bird more intelligent than a genuine woodpecker that use its long beak and tougue for the same purpose.
75) The point at which tool-using and tool-making , as such, acquire evolutionary significance is surely when an animal can adapt its ability to manipulate objects to a wide variety of purposes, and when it can use an object spontaneously to solve a brandnew problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble.)))
At the Gombe Stream alone we have seen chimpanzee use objects for many different purpose. They use stem and sticks to capture and eat insects, and if the material
Picked is not suitable, then it is modified. They use leaves to sop up water they cannot reach with their lip-and first they chew on the leaves and thus increase their absorbency. We have seen them use handfuls of leaves to wipe first from their bodies or to dab at wounds.
76. Directions:
Changes in College Students ‘ Ways of
Spending Summer Vacation
a. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.
b. Your essay must be written neatly on Answer Sheet II.
c. Your essay should cover these three points:
(l) state the changes briefly
(2) give possible reasons for the changes.
(3) predict the trend of changes