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their answers are p1atitudinous; and when they are not they are unconvindng.

55. We can infer from the passage that in the past a and employee --.

A) had job security and opportunity of promotion

B) had to compete with each other to keep his job

C) had to undergo training all the time

D) had no difficulty climbing the climbing ladder

i6. What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghashal and Bartlett?

A) Very instructive. B) Very inspiring.

C) Hard to implement. D) Quite hash.

i7. in their fork, Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss

A) changes in business organizations

B) contracts between employers and employee

C) employment situation

D) management ideas

58. This passage seems to be a(n) --.

A) book review B) advertisement

C) news report D) research paper

passage 3

From Frankenstein to the Titanic, history is littered with fictional and real dramas and

tragedies involving technology.

But the digital age, with its attendant highspeed interactive hardware, visual imagery, and

global linkage, has brought us a whole new kind of cultural and media phenomenon, something

very bit as frightening as a plot by Mary Shelley: the technotragedy.

The late' 90s have been littered with technotragedies: the Gulf War, the O-J. Simpson trial, the crash of TWA Flight 800, the Unabomber, the death of Diana Spencer, and the murder

trial of the tabloid culture's own Mary Poppins, louise Woodward. All are old stories presented

in radically new ways.

Technotragedies begin with a dramatic event, and vivid images associated with it. It helps if

murder, mystery, or conspiracy are involved. When the staggering mass Of old and new media

technologies----print, radio, TV, video, cable. talk radio, satellites, the Net, and the Web-

kicks in, these stories quickly become the information World 's equilvalent of an F-5 tornado, raging out of even the most intrepid spinmeister's control.

Broadcast instantly and globally, stories like the Woodward and Simpson trials and Diana's

death cause different information cultures-mainstream and tabloid journalism, print and electronic, interactive and passive--to fuse and focus an unprecedented amount of attention on a single

story, continuously, for days and weeks on end. The story mushrooms, sucking up everything

around it and taking on a life and Power of its own. We are confronted with more information

about a single subject than can possibly be lucid, coherent, or even digestible. Cable channels,

stuck with many hours of airtime and little new information to fill them with, scramble for "experts" who present and argue these stories as if they were vast global Sporting events. And as the

Woodward case revealed, it's no longer just major news that ignite these firestorm. Increasingly, snd1er, regional stories are given the same intense international attention.

Yet for all the coverage, our understanding of the underlying issues, class, child

care--rarely grows. And technotragedies can sometimes be dangerous.

In the weeks following the TWA Flight 800 crash, every conceivable conspiracy theory, terrorist plot, and paranoid suspicion about the government and its investigators was uncritically repeated, and flashed all over the world around the clock. Yet investig8tors now conclude that there

was no evidence of foul p1ay at all.

And remember the worldwide uproar against the hapless photographers reported to have been responsible for Diana's death? Only after the Story died down did we --those of us particular attention to the inside pages of newspapers--learn that the photographers played no role in her death, that they were following far behind her speeding car when it crashed, that they did call for help, and that they didn't interfere with rescue efforts.

Technotragedies can undermine poetics as wall, as unsubstantiated theories spread, controversies arise, and scapegoats get singled out, often in a climate of unfiltered hysteria. Journalism, the institution charged with offering us a clear and truthful petite, now morphs into a new kind of electronic mob, transmitting distortions instead of correcting them, pursuing revelation over truth, pathos over reason.

As a culture, we have yet to learn how to cope with the changes. As these stories become red-hot, we have to stay ed. As emotional imagery is beamed at us from every direction, we need to stay detached. As vast amounts Of information, Opinions, and imagery rain down on us via talk shows and Web sites, we have to learn how to be skeptical and Patient. We have to grasp the ironic reality that, in an era when stories come to us faster than ever, the truth, if it comes at all, is apt to arrive slowly.

59. What does the writer of the passage mean by "technotragedy"?

A) A tragedy in the modern age.

B) A tragedy brought about by modern technology.

C) A tragedy caused by the new media technology.

D) A tragedy that became the focus of .attention for days and even weeks on end.

60. What can we learn from the media coverage Of Diana's death?

A) It helps us understand the events as they unfold.

B) It helps the Police in the investigation of the accident.

C) It confused the audience rather than inform them.

D) It Often leads to mere tragedies.

6l. According to the author, what does technortragedies do to journalism?

A) They enrich journalism B) They strengthens journalism.

C) They destroy journalism D) They pollute journalism.

62. What is the writer's advice to us concerning the media

A) Wait ti1l it gives e truthful account of the events. '.

B) Take it with a grain of salt.

C) Turn a deaf ear to it.

D) Grasp the underlying issues of our time.

Passage 4

As the Tailhook sexual-assault scandal drown into early retirement fm the Navy, Admiral Frank Keels last week sought to overhaul his image. The Navy's top officer claimed that during his nearly four year at the helm, he had helped rid the service of its tolerance for abusive attitudes toward women. If anyone treats women as did the demean, groping aviators at the Tailhook convention 2 1/2 years ago, Kelso blustered at a press conference, "they' re not going to be in this man's Navy. "

In fact, his legacy is a Navy still straining to accommodate woman , homosexuals and members of racial minorities. At the same time, the Navy's reputation has been batted by the investigations into Tailhook and cheating by midshipmen at the Naval Accessory in Annapolis. Some naval officers and military expert note that the navy's recent problems have com under a series of chiefs--from James Watkins in 1982 to Carliaie Trost in 1986 to Kelso arose from the aloof and secretive submarine fleet. submarine commanders usually are trained as engineers and are not renowned for their people skills. Presiding over crews of 155 or fewer highly screened men hasn't t prepared the Navy's recent leaders to grapple with modern personnel problem. Kelso and other submarine "didn't have the leadership challenges that surface-warfare officers had," agrees Senator John Marian of Arizona, a retired Navy pilot.

The Navy hasn't by run by a purebred surface-ship captain--whose the make up the

bulk of its force----since Elmo Zurnwalt left the job a generation ago. 'When you go a long Period of time without having a surface-fleet CNO, then it becomes a very serious morale problem for that vast Segment of the Navy," Zumwalt says.

Early speculation was 1hat President Clinton would name Admiral Jeremy ('Mike") Boorda, a surface-warfare officer, as CNO. Unlike all 24 CNOs who came before, Boorda, a high school dropout, never attended the Naval Academy. As the Navy personnel chief from l988 to 1991, he drafted a plan that allowed the Navy, Unlike other services, to shrink dramatically without firing personnel. But an Administration official said Saturday that Clinton wit Prefer to keep border in his sensitive Naples post, where he has been planning the Possible NATO bombing campaign against the Serbs. If so, the next CNO is likely to be Admiral Chares for, the pentagon's Pacific commander--a Naval academy graduate who would be the fourth Submariner in a row to run

the Navy.

63. Admiral Frank Kelso had to retire earlier from the navy because --.

A) a Sexual-assault scandal was revealed in his navy

B) he was involved in a sexual-assault scandal

C) he held an abusive attitude toward women at the Tailhook convention

D) he allowed homosexuals in his navy

64. How did Kelso to this ear1y retirement?

A) He accepted the Punishment willingly.

B) He apologized for his incompetence.

C) He tried to remedy his reputation.

D) He held a farewell press conference.

65. According to some experts the navy's recent problem are mainly due to --.

A) too many Unqualified chiefs from submariners

B) 1ack of strict discipline in the Navy

C) lack of highly educated chiefs

D) too many women and members of racia1 minorities in the N8vy

66. Which Of the following statement is true according to the passage?

A) Kelso has been the Navy chief for bot two and half years.

B) The Navy's reputation began to decline after Kelso became its commander.

C) Surface-warfare Officers make better Navy leaders'

D) Submarine officers are good at solving Peed problems.

Passage 5